摘要：

RNA-guided nucleases are biological macromolecules capable of cleaving nucleic acids. They can be harnessed as versatile tools to manipulate nucleic acids for scientific purposes such as editing, tracing, and regulating DNA and RNA. This talk provides an overview of the use of techniques such as cryo-electron microscopy to explore the DNA targeting mechanisms of RNA-guided nucleases and ribozymes like CRISPR-Cas and HYERs. Aligning with the “RNA world” hypothesis, a co-evolution trajectory of RNA and protein components within these systems is proposed, providing insights for optimizing the current editing tools and mining for novel systems from the molecular evolution aspect.